Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of a new Se-doped spinel material for lithium secondary batteries

A new Se-doped spinel material, LiAl_0.18Se_0.02Mn_1.8O₄ powder with a phase-pure polycrystalline was synthesized by a sol–gel method. The material in the 3 V region (2.4 3.5 V) and both the 3 and 4 V region (2.4 4.4 V) initially deliver a discharge capacity of 81 and 178 mA h g^–1 which increase with cycling to reach 110 and 204 after 50 cycles, respectively. The material shows excellent cycleability in the 4 V region (3.0 4.4 V) with almost no capacity loss. The structural integrity of the Se-doped spinel was characterized by charge–discharge cycling tests and X-;ray diffraction.     

Cycling of lithium/metal oxide cells using composite electrolytes containing fumed silicas

The effect on cycle capacity is reported of cathode material (metal oxide, carbon, and current collector) in lithium/metal oxide cells cycled with fumed silica-based composite electrolytes. Three types of electrolytes are compared: filler-free electrolyte consisting of methyl-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) oligomer (PEGdm, M_w=250)+lithium bis(trifluromethylsufonyl)imide (LiTFSI) (Li:O=1:20), and two composite systems of the above baseline liquid electrolyte containing 10-wt% A200 (hydrophilic fumed silica) or R805 (hydrophobic fumed silica with octyl surface group). The composite electrolytes are solid-like gels. Three cathode active materials (LiCoO₂, V₆O₁₃, and Li_xMnO₂), four conducting carbons (graphite Timrex® SFG 15, SFG 44, carbon black Vulcan XC72R, and Ketjenblack EC-600JD), and three current collector materials (Al, Ni, and carbon fiber) were studied. Cells with composite electrolytes show higher capacity, reduced capacity fade, and less cell polarization than those with filler-free electrolyte. Among the three active materials studied, V₆O₁₃ cathodes deliver the highest capacity and Li_xMnO₂ cathodes render the best capacity retention. Discharge capacity of Li/LiCoO₂ cells is affected greatly by cathode carbon type, and the capacity decreases in the order of Ketjenblack>SFG 15>SFG 44>Vulcan. Current collector material also plays a significant role in cell cycling performance. Lithium/vanadium oxide (V₆O₁₃) cells deliver increased capacity using Ni foil and carbon fiber current collectors in comparison to an Al foil current collector.     

大量Li+存在的卤水体系中容量法测定Ca2+的分析方法研究

在Li 、Ca2 共存的相化学研究中,大量Li 的存在对配位滴定法测定Ca2 易产生较大干扰,致使卤水体系中钙的测定结果产生较大偏离。本文在进一步研究了用三乙醇胺作掩蔽剂消除Li 干扰的实验基础上,对高锂钙比(mLi∶mCa≥5)消除Li 的干扰,首次发现正丁醇-无水乙醇的混合液可有效掩蔽共存Li 的干扰。实验结果表明,该方法可使Ca2 分析结果相对误差不超过0.3%。样品加标回收率为99.90%~100.09%,相对标准偏差<0.2%。     

Binder effect on cycling performance of silicon/carbon composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

The cycling performance of a silicon/carbon composite anode has been significantly enhanced by using acrylic adhesive and modified acrylic adhesive as binder to fabricate the electrodes for lithium ion batteries. The capacity retentions of Si/C composite electrodes bound by acrylic adhesive and modified acrylic adhesive are 79% and 90% after 50 cycles, respectively. These two binders are electrochemically stable in the organic electrolyte in the working window. They also show larger adhesion strength between the coating and the Cu current collector as well as smaller solvent absorption in the electrolyte solvent than polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Furthermore, sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) plays an important role on improving the properties of acrylic adhesive, which increases the adhesive strength of acrylic adhesive and improves the activation of the electrodes.     

Advanced Sn/C composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Metallic tin was deposited in fine particulate form on the surface of carbonaceous mesophase spherules (CMS) and in the pores of porous carbon by the decomposition and reduction of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate at 450 °C. The Sn/C composite powders obtained were used as anode materials for lithium ion cells. Electrochemical cycling tests of coin cells show that the dispersion of tin into the carbonaceous materials enhances the reversible capacity of the electrodes. The capacity retention at the 50th cycle is 91 % for Sn/CMS composite containing 22% tin, against 428 mAh g^–1 at the first cycle. With further increase in tin content, the capacity fade upon cycling is more rapid.     

废旧锂电池中有价金属回收及三元正极材料的再制备

探讨了磷酸体系下不同因素对废旧锂电池正极材料中有价金属浸出效率的影响，结果表明：在浸出时间60min，反应温度60℃，磷酸浓度2mol/L，液固比20mL/g，还原剂(H₂O₂)体积分数为4%时，可得最佳浸出效果，Co、Li、Mn、Ni浸出效率分别可达96.3%、100%、98.8%和99.5%；浸出液添加相应比例金属离子，采用草酸共沉淀法制备前体材料(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)C₂O₄，并得到相应再生磷酸溶液。再生磷酸进行循环浸出实验，实验研究结果表明：循环浸出5次之后Li的浸出率仍可保持在90.1%，而Co、Mn和Ni的浸出率在75.0%以上。前体添加锂源Li₂CO₃煅烧合成Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂材料，考察了不同温度对Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂材料合成的影响，结果显示，当合成温度为800℃时，得到的材料性能最优良，初次放电容量可达136.4mA·h/g。在0.2C下经过50圈循环后容量保持率为97.2%。     

(S)-(+)-5-羟甲基-2-吡咯烷酮的合成方法改进

通过实验证明在(S)-( )-5-羟甲基-2-吡咯烷酮合成中，以硼氢化钠为还原剂时，所得产品产率和纯度都有大幅度提高；且实验操作简单方便，适合工业化。     

不同Li/Nb摩尔比In:Fe:LiNbO3晶体的生长及其光学性能

在LiNbO3(LN)中掺摩尔分数为1%的In和掺质量分数为0.03%的Fe,用提拉法技术生长具有不同n(Li)/n(Nb)[n(Li)/n(Nb)=0.94,1.05,1.20,1.38]的In:Fe:LN晶体.测试不同n(Li)/n(Nb)的In:Fe:LN晶体的吸收光谱、抗光致散射能力和指数增益系数,并计算晶体的有效载流子浓度.结果表明:晶体样品随着n(Li)/n(Nb)增加,吸收光谱的吸收边发生紫移,抗光致散射能力增加,指数增益系数和有效载流子浓度增大.采用n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.38的In:Fe:LN晶体作记录介质,n(Li)/n(Nb)=1.05的In:Fe:LN晶体作位相共轭镜进行全息关联存储实验.实验表明:存储系统具有实时处理,成像质量好,信噪比高和能反复使用等优点.     

柴达木盆地油田卤水提锂实验研究

富含Li 的油田卤水通过盐田自然蒸发得到浓缩母液老卤,老卤除Ca2 、Mg2 等离子后,加Na2CO3沉淀得到合格的碳酸锂产品.     

羧甲基纤维素包覆天然石墨性能的研究

本实验研究了羧甲基纤维素(CMC)包覆对天然石墨电化学性能的影响。通过XRD、恒电流充放电测试手段研究了不同包覆量对该复合材料结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明:羧甲基纤维素裂解炭对天然石墨有较好的包覆作用,并且能够有效的阻止石墨在充放电过程中发生层状剥落现象,从而有效的提高复合炭材料的循环稳定性,其中5%树脂包覆量的复合材料在循环50次之后可逆容量是310.9 mAh.g-1,比天然石墨高50 mAh.g-1,并保持了首次可逆容量的97.1%。